tu Nez Perce xilux | xilux tu musteyuxw

synopsis

tu xwulmuxw uw tun ni west ni tl'im uw unuhw tu American expansion tun ni kwthu1860 'i' 1870s, tus 1877 tu United States’ industrial capacity, lilootshelh 'i' well armed musteyuxw army ni wulh hay resistance nem' u tu annexation u kwthu Great Plains. Tu ukwnuhw u kwthu Cheyenne, Lakota 'i' Arapaho tun ni u tu Great Sioux xilux wulh thi tu impact u kwthu tslhxwulmuxw hiwaq', ste'ukw Nimiipuu Chief Hinmatóowyalahtq̓it. Chief Joseph tu skwish, 'uw' niis le'lumut American encroachment tun ni u tu tumuxws 'utl Chief Joseph 'utl' Wallowa band, Hinmatóowyalahtq̓it tu skiwsh suq'a Nimiipuu Wallowa Valley nilh p'e' Oregon tuna kweyul. niitst tse limit expansion to specific areas 'utl' Columbia Plateau tun ni 1855 treaty suw thuts tu Americans, tu gold kwewki Americans hni wulh settle outside tu treaty tumuxw. uwu niihw police swes musteyuxw, tu United States Government tathut renegotiate kwthu 1855 treaty 'i' kwunet qux tumuxw.

Mounted stamish 'utl' plains nations posed a serious threat xwte' tu Nimiipuu

tu Nimiipuu sweyqe', suniw swes qwuyulush haymaat

stuqiw' remain kw si'em' Nimiipuu snuwuyulh 'i' huli tuna' kweyul

tus 1877, Nimiipuu huliwaq' le'lmut kw stark choice: nem' utl reserves tu ni thuytm tu American government or nem xilux suq'a tu military u kwthu United States. Tu Nimiipuu hiwaq' ste'ukw Joseph, White Bird 'i' Looking Glass shtweun resistance, ha itst uw suthi tuyqul. tu stamish utl White Bird’s band nem' raided American settlements, xunemut revenge tu ni suffered uw mukws. Joseph 'i' mukws tu hiwaq' statulstum nilh tse xwumistuxw xilux. wulh hay repulsing 130 Americans tun ni White Bird Canyon xilux, Joseph, White Bird, Toohoolhoolzote 'i' Looking Glass suw thuts ilhe nem' utl Canada uwu nni touch us tu americans.

tun ni

Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Montana

stamish

Nimipuu

vs.

United States utl America

sieeye

Nimipuu

Blackfoot Confederacy

vs.

United States utl America

Lakota
Crow
Cheyenne

si'em' xilux

xilux utl Bear Paw — Sept 30 - Oct 5 1877
Sept 30 - Oct 5 1877

tthu ni xilux 'utl' White Bird Canyon tun ni June 17th 1877, 800 mukws tu ni umuahtum tu Nimiipuu refugees nilh tu1500 American soldiers 'i' xilmuxw stamish recruited u kwthu Crow, Cheyenne 'i' Lakota.ste'ukw', tu Nimiipuu nilh ni' 125 stamish tu ni xilushtum. uwu te 'uy' kwthu skshem, tu Nimiipuu huliwaq tl'im uw xiluxtum 'i' out manoeuvred tu American army ukw lhqe'tsud different engagements. Wulh qux tu ni imush utl Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming 'i' Montana, nem tun ni Canadian border tu Nimiipuu ha ni' attacked nilh tu American army. Tu Nimiipuu’s xulum nilh tu tsuwtuns tu ciculh bluffs, ni' xiluxtul tu stamish nilh tu xisul defence, uwu te' protected tu stuqiw.'i' uwute' stuqiw uwu nem haye' elhtun, ni xwutrapped 'i' exposed to American artillery fire tu Nimiipuu. wulh hay u thu lhqetsus skweyl 'ukw' being shelled, hiwaq' Joseph surrendered xwunemut tu Nimiipuu. ni wulh qay' tu hiwaq' Looking Glass ukw tu kwintul, tu hiwaq White Bird 'i' tu musteyuxw nem huye'.

wulh hay

Tu Chief White Bird 'i' tu 300 Nimiipuu nem haye'namut nem tun ni Canadian tumuxw passed tu Americans, Joseph 'i' tu refugees ni xwuprisoners utl Col. Nelson Miles. nilh wulh hay ukw xwulmuxw resistance 'ukw' American expansion tun ni West. ni promised tu miles Chief Joseph p'e' tey nem' q'unq' tu musteyuxws utl Nimiipuu tumuxwstun ni' Idaho, uwu niis tse'lqum tu siem' 'utl' miles xwunemut tu ukwnuhw. nem' tun ni Fort Leavenworth utl present day Kansatu Nimiipuu exiles. wulh hay tu te'tsus silanum spent tun ni Oklahoma, nem' qunqinum tun ni' tu reserves 'utl' Pacific Northwest.

si'em' Commanders

hiwaq' Looking Glass, tu military si'em' 'u kwthu Nimiipuu resistance

Nimiipuu
Looking Glass

Tu primary military syuwanqsun 'utl' Nimiipuu wet nem hay'e tu ni Canadian border tun ni' 1877, Looking Glass nilh xwuveteran stamish 'i' skilled commander. nilh ni made several errors tsuwtuns utl Nimiipuu’s uknuwh. ukw insistence, tu Nimiipuu nem' utl Montana 'i' xuxulum uw tun ni Big Hole tu skwish, ni xiluxtul suq'a tu Americans.

uw niis le'lumut hiwaq' Joseph suniw xilux, Nelson Miles ni xwusupporter 'u kwthu Nimiipuu's right tu nem taxw

United States 'utl' America
Nelson Miles

ni wullh pethut kw bloody Battle ukw Antietam u kwthu American Civil xilux, Nelson Miles ni xwukey American si'em' tun ni tu xilux u wkthu west tu Nelson Miles. nilh le'lumut tu campaign wulh tl'wunuq' tu Lakota tun ni tu hay uke tu ni qay Custer tun ni Little Big Horn 'i' commanded tu operation ni defeated tu Nimiipuu tun ni Bear Paw. suw thuts tu Miles tu nuwu tse nem taxw uwu te' thuit.

Key xiluxtun

nilh tu central part 'utl' xilux tu xiluxtun. le'lumut tu selections u tu 'iqw' ta'ult tu xiluxtun.tun ni' hakwush u tu kwintul.

Winchester skwulesh

kw lever action, multi-shot skwulesh sold u tu thi quantities ukw tu civilian market, tu Winchester skwulesh many models xwu uystuxw tu xwulunitum, soldiers 'i' xwulmuxw stamish.

Gunstock xilux kwakustun

kw fusion 'ukw' traditional xwulmuxw kwakustun designs 'i' European metalworking, tu Gunstock xilux kwakwustun ni 'utl' 16th to the 19th centuries 'utl' North America.